Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) is the work of making a website easy for AI assistants to read, understand and cite.
Search engines show a list of links. AI assistants write an answer and name a few sources in it. SEO is about ranking in that list. GEO is about being one of the sources in the answer.
The two overlap. Content that is in the HTML, a clear structure, structured data and fast pages help both. GEO adds what only AI needs: access for AI crawlers, files written for language models, and content where a single paragraph can stand on its own as an answer.